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Project 0.46758529096755974 in Spain
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Project 0.46758529096755974 in Spain

    Statements

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    54,450.0 Euro
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    108,900.0 Euro
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    50.0 percent
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    1 January 2018
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    31 December 2020
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    FUNDACION PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA INV. SANITARIA Y BIOMEDICA DE LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA (FISABIO)
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    46250
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    LOS PATOGENOS RESISTENTES A ANTIBIOTICOS (ARPS), COMO EL ENTEROCOCO VANCOMICINA RESISTENTE (VRE) O ENTEROBACTERIAS MULTIRRESISTENTES, SON UN GRAN PROBLEMA PARA LA SALUD. CADA AÑO 700.000 PERSONAS MUEREN POR UNA INFECCION POR ARP Y SE ESPERA QUE 10 MILLONES DE PERSONAS MUERAN EN 2050 SI NO TOMAMOS MEDIDAS. LAS INFECCIONES CON ARPS FRECUENTEMENTE COMIENZAN POR LA COLONIZACION DEL INTESTINO. EN CONDICIONES NORMALES, EL INTESTINO ESTA COLONIZADO POR ESPECIES COMENSALES BACTERIANAS, LA MICROBIOTA, QUE SUPRIMEN LA COLONIZACION DEL ARP. NUESTRO GRUPO HA DEMOSTRADO QUE LOS ANTIBIOTICOS, ALTERAN LA MICROBIOTA LO QUE PROMUEVE LA COLONIZACION INTESTINAL DE VRE Y SU POSTERIOR DISEMINACION A SANGRE Y A OTROS PACIENTES. ADEMAS DE LOS ANTIBIOTICOS, OTROS FACTORES, RECIENTEMENTE INTRODUCIDOS EN NUESTRAS SOCIEDADES MODERNAS (EJ. CAMBIOS EN LA DIETA) PUEDEN INFLUIR EN LA COMPOSICION DE LA MICROBIOTA Y POR TANTO PODRIAN TENER UN EFECTO EN LA COLONIZACION POR ARPS. DE HECHO, LA DIETA OCCIDENTAL (DO: BAJA EN FIBRA Y ALTA EN AZUCARES SIMPLES Y GRASA) INDUCE CAMBIOS DRASTICOS EN LA COMPOSICION DE LA MICROBIOTA. NUESTROS RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES INDICAN QUE CAMBIOS EN LA MICROBIOTA INDUCIDOS POR DO PROMUEVEN LA COLONIZACION INTESTINAL POR VRE EN RATONES, LO QUE SUGIERE QUE NO SOLO LOS ANTIBIOTICOS, SINO TAMBIEN OTROS FACTORES COMO LA DIETA CONTRIBUYEN A LA DISEMINACION DE ARPS. POR TANTO, PROPONEMOS INVESTIGAR EL PAPEL DE LA DISBIOSIS INDUCIDA POR LA DIETA OCCIDENTAL (DIDO) EN LA COLONIZACION INTESTINAL POR ARPS Y SU POSTERIOR DISEMINACION. IDENTIFICAREMOS LAS ESPECIES BACTERIANAS COMENSALES QUE DESEMPEÑAN UN PAPEL CLAVE EN EL PROCESO DE COLONIZACION DE VRE DURANTE LA DIDO. ESPERAMOS IDENTIFICAR BACTERIAS PROTECTORAS, CUYA ELIMINACION DURANTE LA ADMINISTRACION DE DO PROMUEVE LA COLONIZACION DE VRE. ESPERAMOS IDENTIFICAR BACTERIAS QUE EXPANDEN DURANTE DIDO Y QUE PODRIAN FACILITAR LA COLONIZACION DEL PATOGENO. POSTERIORMENTE INVESTIGAREMOS MECANISMOS POR LOS QUE DIDO PERMITE A VRE COLONIZAR EL INTESTINO: (I) DIDO PROMUEVE INFLAMACION, LO QUE PUEDE IMPULSAR LA EXPANSION DEL PATOGENO, (II) DO ELIMINA BACTERIAS PROTECTORAS QUE EN CONDICIONES NORMALES INHIBIRIAN EL PATOGENO A TRAVES DE LA COMPETENCIA POR NUTRIENTES O POR PRODUCCION DE SUSTANCIAS INHIBITORIAS; (III) BACTERIAS COMENSALES QUE EXPANDEN DURANTE DIDO PROMUEVEN DIRECTAMENTE LA COLONIZACION POR VRE MEDIANTE LA LIBERACION DE NUTRIENTES. FINALMENTE, INVESTIGAREMOS SI DIDO PROMUEVE LA TRANSFERENCIA HORIZONTAL DE GENES (THG) Y LA DISEMINACION DE GENES DE RESISTENCIA CODIFICADOS POR ARPS, LO CUAL PODRIA PROMOVER LA GENERACION DE LOS NUEVOS ARPS. PREVEMOS DOS MECANISMOS MEDIANTE LOS CUALES DO INDUCIRA THG: (I) EXPANSION DE PATOGENOS, LO QUE FACILITA LA CONJUGACION DE PLASMIDOS, (II) PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS DE LA INFLAMACION QUE PROMUEVEN TGH MEDIANTE LA INDUCCION DE FAGOS. PARA ALCANZAR ESTOS OBJETIVOS, UTILIZAREMOS DIFERENTES TECNICAS OMICAS, MODELOS DE INFECCION EN RATONES Y ENSAYOS DE CULTIVO IN VITRO. LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS PODRIAN TENER UN ENORME IMPACTO EN LAS POLITICAS DE SALUD PUBLICA CON RESPECTO A OTROS FACTORES COMO LA DIETA QUE DEBERIAN SER CONTROLADOS PARA EVITAR LA GENERACION Y DISEMINACION DE ARPS. ADEMAS, NUESTROS RESULTADOS CONDUCIRAN A LA IDENTIFICACION DE NUEVAS BACTERIAS COMENSALES INVOLUCRADAS EN LA PROTECCION FRENTE A VRE Y NUEVOS MECANISMOS TANTO DE PROTECCION COMO DE MEJORA DE LA COLONIZACION DE VRE, LO CUAL DARA LUGAR AL DISEÑO DE NUEVAS TERAPIAS PARA COMBATIR A ESTE PELIGROSO PATOGENO. (Spanish)
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    ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PATHOGENS (ARPS), SUCH AS VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS (VRE) OR MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, REPRESENT REPRESENT A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM. INDEED, EVERY YEAR 700.000 PEOPLE DIE FROM AN INFECTION CAUSE BY ARPS AND 10 MILLION PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO DIE ON 2050 IF WE DO NOT TAKE ACTION. INFECTIONS WITH ARPS GENERALLY BEGIN BY COLONIZATION OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT. IN NORMAL CONDITIONS, OUR GUT IS COLONIZED BY HUNDREDS OF COMMENSAL BACTERIAL SPECIES, THE MICROBIOTA, THAT SUPPRESS INTESTINAL COLONIZATION BY ARPS. OUR GROUP HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT ANTIBIOTICS, BY ALTERING THE COMPOSITION OF THE MICROBIOTA, PROMOTE VRE INTESTINAL COLONIZATION, WHICH PROMOTES ITS DISSEMINATION TO THE BLOODSTREAM AND TO OTHER PATIENTS THROUGH FECAL CONTAMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. BESIDES ANTIBIOTICS, OTHER FACTORS, RECENTLY INTRODUCED IN OUR MODERN SOCIETIES (I.E. CHANGES IN DIETARY HABITS) CAN ALSO INFLUENCE THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND THEREFORE COULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON ARPS COLONIZATION. INDEED, IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT THE WESTERN DIET (WD: LOW IN FIBRE AND HIGH IN SIMPLE SUGARS AND FAT) INDUCES DRASTIC CHANGES IN THE MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION. OUR PRELIMINARY RESULTS INDICATE THAT CHANGES IN THE MICROBIOTA INDUCED BY WD HIGHLY PROMOTE INTESTINAL COLONIZATION BY VRE IN MICE, SUGGESTING THAT NOT ONLY ANTIBIOTICS BUT ALSO OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS DIET CONTRIBUTE TO DISSEMINATION OF ARPS. HERE, WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF WESTERN DIET-INDUCED DYSBIOSIS (WDID) ON ARPS INTESTINAL COLONIZATION AND SUBSEQUENT DISSEMINATION. WE WILL IDENTIFY COMMENSAL BACTERIAL SPECIES PLAYING A KEY ROLE IN THE PROCESS OF VRE COLONIZATION DURING WDID. WE EXPECT TO IDENTIFY PROTECTIVE COMMENSAL BACTERIA DEPLETED DURING WD ADMINISTRATION THAT ENHANCE VRE COLONIZATION. IN ADDITION, WE EXPECT TO IDENTIFY COMMENSAL BACTERIA THAT EXPAND DURING WDID AND ENHANCE VRE GUT COLONIZATION. SUBSEQUENTLY, WE WILL INVESTIGATE MECHANISMS BY WDID ALLOWS VRE INTESTINAL COLONIZATION. THREE TYPES OF MECHANISMS WILL BE STUDIED: (I) WDID PROMOTES INFLAMMATION, WHICH CAN DRIVE PATHOGEN EXPANSION, (II) WD DEPLETES PROTECTIVE COMMENSAL BACTERIA THAT IN NORMAL CONDITIONS INHIBIT VRE THROUGH COMPETITION FOR NUTRIENTS OR PRODUCTION OF INHIBITORY PRODUCTS, (III) EXPANSION OF SPECIFIC COMMENSALS DURING WDID ENHANCES DIRECTLY VRE INTESTINAL COLONIZATION THROUGH LIBERATION OF NUTRIENTS. FINALLY, WE WILL INVESTIGATE IF WDID PROMOTES HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER AND THE DISSEMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT GENES ENCODED BY ARPS, PROMOTING THE GENERATION OF THE NEW ARPS. WE ENVISION TWO MECHANISMS BY WHICH WD WILL INDUCE HGT: (I) PATHOGEN EXPANSION, WHICH ENHANCES PLASMID CONJUGATION, (II) INFLAMMATORY DERIVED PRODUCTS THAT PROMOTE HGT THROUGH PHAGE INDUCTION. TO REACH THESE GOALS, WE WILL USE DIFFERENT OMIC TECHNIQUES (METAGENOMICS AND METABOLOMICS), MOUSE MODELS OF INFECTION AND IN VITRO CULTURE ASSAYS. THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN THIS PROPOSAL COULD HAVE AN ENORMOUS IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES REGARDING OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS DIET THAT SHOULD BE CONTROLLED TO AVOID THE GENERATION AND DISSEMINATION OF ARPS. IN ADDITION, OUR RESULTS WILL LEAD TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL COMMENSAL BACTERIA INVOLVED IN VRE PROTECTION AND NOVEL MECHANISM OF BOTH PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF VRE COLONIZATION, WHICH WILL LEAD TO THE DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPIES TO COMBAT THIS CHALLENGING PATHOGEN. (English)
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    Valencia
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    Identifiers

    SAF2017-90083-R
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