EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE COMPLEXITY GRADIENTS AND AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT ON ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND ITS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE ANDALUSIAN OLIVE GROVE AGROECOSYSTEM (Q3141405)
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Project Q3141405 in Spain
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE COMPLEXITY GRADIENTS AND AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT ON ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND ITS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE ANDALUSIAN OLIVE GROVE AGROECOSYSTEM |
Project Q3141405 in Spain |
Statements
112,288.0 Euro
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140,360.0 Euro
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80.0 percent
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1 January 2016
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31 December 2019
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UNIVERSIDAD DE JAEN
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37°57'20.63"N, 3°29'31.42"W
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23050
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EN UNA SOCIEDAD CONCERNIDA CON LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LAS POBLACIONES HUMANAS LOS BIENES Y SERVICIOS QUE NOS PROPORCIONA LA BIODIVERSIDAD SON FUNDAMENTALES. EL CAMBIO EN USO DE LA TIERRA, ESPECIALMENTE LA INTENSIFICACION AGRICOLA, ES GRAN RESPONSABLE DEL DECLIVE MUNDIAL EN LA BIODIVERSIDAD DE ANIMALES Y DE SUS SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS, LO QUE COMPROMETE INCLUSO LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA PRODUCCION AGRICOLA. RECIENTES ESTUDIOS HAN DEMOSTRADO QUE, DE FORMA GENERAL, LAS POLITICAS AGROAMBIENTALES DE SUBSIDIO DE LA CE (AES), MANTENIDAS DESDE LA DECADA DE LOS 90 Y DIRIGIDAS A REVERTIR PARTE DE ESE DECLIVE, HAN SIDO INEFICIENTES PARA RECUPERAR BIODIVERSIDAD. PLANTEAMIENTOS TEORICOS, CON REFRENDO EMPIRICO EN MULTIPLES AGROECOSISTEMAS, SUGIEREN QUE LA BIODIVERSIDAD DE LOS PAISAJES AGRICOLAS DEPENDE DE EFECTOS SINERGICOS DE LA COMPLEJIDAD PAISAJISTICA Y EL MANEJO AGRICOLA. SE HA PROPUESTO QUE EL INCREMENTO DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD CON LA COMPLEJIDAD DEL PAISAJE NO ES LINEAL, SATURANDOSE A CIERTO NIVEL INTERMEDIO-ALTO DE COMPLEJIDAD DEL PAISAJE, TRAYECTORIA QUE DIFERIRIA EN AGRICULTURA INTENSIVA Y EXTENSIVA. ESTE PLANTEAMIENTO TEORICO, DENOMINADO EN SENTIDO AMPLIO LA HIPOTESIS DE LA MODERACION DE LOS EFECTOS DEL PAISAJE SOBRE EL PATRON DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD Y LOS SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS, EXPLICARIA EL FRACASO DE LOS AES, PUESTO QUE INTRODUCE LA ESCALA DE PAISAJE COMO ELEMENTO FUNDAMENTAL PARA EXPLICAR EL PATRON DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD, MIENTRAS QUE LOS SUBSIDIOS AGRICOLAS OBTENIDOS AL APLICAR AES SE CONCEDEN A ESCALA DE FINCA, MUCHO MENOR QUE LA DEL PAISAJE. LA GRAN MAYORIA DE LA INFORMACION EN TORNO A ESTE MARCO TEORICO VIENE, SIN EMBARGO, DE CULTIVOS ANUALES, Y SON RAROS LOS ESTUDIOS QUE LO APLICARON A CULTIVOS LEÑOSOS A PESAR DE QUE ALGUNOS COMO EL OLIVO, LA VID, MAZANO, PERAL, CEREZO, ALMENDRO, ETC., SON DE ENORME IMPORTANCIA ECONOMICA EN EUROPA. ESTE PROYECTO PRETENDE (1) EXPLORAR LOS EFECTOS SINERGICOS QUE COMPLEJIDAD DEL PAISAJE E INTENSIFICACION AGRICOLA TIENEN SOBRE LA BIODIVERSIDAD ANIMAL Y LOS SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS DE CONTROL DE PLAGAS POR ENEMIGOS NATURALES, POLINIZACION DE PLANTAS DE INTERES AGRONOMICO Y DISPERSION DE SEMILLAS EN PAISAJES DE OLIVAR, UNO DE LOS CULTIVOS DE MAS IMPORTANCIA SOCIOECONOMICA, CULTURAL E HISTORICA DE EUROPA, QUE ES CONSIDERADO REFUGIO DE BIODIVERSIDAD Y; (2) SOMETER A TEST LAS HIPOTESIS EXPUESTAS. EN 20 LOCALIDADES DE OLIVAR DE JAEN, CORDOBA, GRANADA, Y MALAGA DONDE COEXISTAN OLIVAR ORGANICO E INTENSIVO PROCEDEREMOS A: (1) CARACTERIZAR LA COMPLEJIDAD DEL PAISAJE; (2) EVALUAR LA ABUNDANCIA DE AVES, HORMIGAS, ABEJAS SILVESTRES Y ENEMIGOS NATURALES DE LAS PLAGAS DEL OLIVO; (3) EVALUAR LA DISPERSION DE SEMILLAS E INTENSIDAD DE LA INSECTIVORIA POR AVES, LOS NIVELES DE INFESTACION DE ACEITUNA POR LA MOSCA Y LA POLILLA DEL OLIVO, Y EL SERVICIO DE POLINIZACION EN SINAPIS ALBA (HIERBA DEL OLIVAR DE SEMILLA OLEAGINOSA UTILIZABLE PARA PRODUCCION DE BIODIESEL); (4) RELACIONAR BIODIVERSIDAD, SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS Y COMPLEJIDAD PAISAJISTICA EN DIFERENTE MANEJOS; Y (5) EVALUAR LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LAS AES. LOS RESULTADOS SERAN DE DIRECTA TRANSFERENCIA AL SECTOR PRODUCTIVO Y A LA CONSERVACION AL INDICAR QUE GRADO DE RECUPERACION DE BIODIVERSIDAD Y SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS ES ESPERABLE DEL CAMBIO DE INTENSIVO A EXTENSIVO (O SE PERDERA EN EL CASO CONTRARIO) EN UNAS CONDICIONES DADAS DE PAISAJE, Y HASTA QUE PUNTO LA INTRODUCCION DE ELEMENTOS NATURALES (O SU ELIMINACION) INDUCE CAMBIOS EN LOS SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS ESTUDIADOS. (Spanish)
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IN A SOCIETY CONCERNED WITH THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN POPULATIONS, THE GOODS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY BIODIVERSITY ARE FUNDAMENTAL. LAND USE CHANGE, ESPECIALLY AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION, IS LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE GLOBAL DECLINE IN ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMIC SERVICES, COMPROMISING EVEN THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT, IN GENERAL, THE AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSIDY POLICIES OF THE EC (AES), MAINTAINED SINCE THE DECADE OF THE 1990S AND AIMED AT REVERSING PART OF THIS DECLINE, HAVE BEEN INEFFICIENT IN RESTORING BIODIVERSITY. THEORICAL APPROACHES, WITH EMPIRICAL ENDORSEMENT IN MULTIPLE AGROECOSYSTEMS, SUGGEST THAT THE BIODIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES DEPENDS ON SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF PAISAJISTIC COMPLEXITY AND AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT. IT HAS BEEN PROPOSED THAT THE INCREASE OF BIODIVERSITY WITH THE COMPLEXITY OF THE LANDSCAPE IS NOT LINEAR, SATURANDOSE AT A CERTAIN INTERMEDIATE-HIGH LEVEL OF LANDSCAPE COMPLEXITY, TRAJECTORY THAT WOULD DIFFERIA IN INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE. THIS THEORETICAL APPROACH, WIDELY REFERRED TO AS THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE MODERATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE LANDSCAPE ON THE EMPLOYER OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMIC SERVICES, WOULD EXPLAIN THE FAILURE OF THE ESAS, SINCE IT INTRODUCES THE LANDSCAPE SCALE AS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT IN EXPLAINING THE PATTERN OF BIODIVERSITY, WHILE THE AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES OBTAINED BY APPLYING AES ARE GRANTED AT FARM LEVEL, MUCH SMALLER THAN THAT OF THE LANDSCAPE. THE VAST MAJORITY OF INFORMATION ABOUT THIS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK COMES, HOWEVER, FROM ANNUAL CROPS, AND STUDIES THAT APPLIED IT TO WOODY CROPS ARE RARE, EVEN THOUGH SOME SUCH AS OLIVE, VINE, MAZANO, PERAL, CHERRY, ALMOND, ETC., ARE OF ENORMOUS ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE IN EUROPE. THIS PROJECT AIMS (1) TO EXPLORE THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS THAT COMPLEXITY OF THE LANDSCAPE AND AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION HAVE ON ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMIC SERVICES OF PEST CONTROL BY NATURAL ENEMIES, POLLINATION OF PLANTS OF AGRONOMICO INTEREST AND DISPERSION OF SEEDS IN OLIVE LANDSCAPES, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CROPS OF SOCIOECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE IN EUROPE, WHICH IS CONSIDERED A REFUGE OF BIODIVERSITY AND; (2) TEST THE EXPOSED HYPOTHESES. IN 20 OLIVE GROVES OF JAEN, CORDOBA, GRANADA, AND MALAGA WHERE ORGANIC AND INTENSIVE OLIVE GROVES COEXIST WE WILL PROCEED TO: (1) CHARACTERISING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE LANDSCAPE; (2) EVALUATE THE ABUNDANCE OF BIRDS, ANTS, WILD BEES AND NATURAL ENEMIES OF OLIVE PESTS; (3) EVALUATE THE SEED DISPERSION AND INTENSITY OF INSECTIVORIA BY BIRDS, THE LEVELS OF OLIVE INFESTATION BY THE FLY AND THE OLIVE MOTH, AND THE POLLINATION SERVICE IN SINAPIS ALBA (OILSEED OLIVE GROVES USABLE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION); (4) RELATE BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEMIC SERVICES AND PAISAJISTIC COMPLEXITY IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENTS; AND (5) ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ESAS. THE RESULTS WILL BE OF DIRECT TRANSFER TO THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR AND TO THE CONSERVATION BY INDICATING THAT THE DEGREE OF RECOVERY OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMIC SERVICES IS EXPECTED TO CHANGE FROM INTENSIVE TO EXTENSIVE (OR OTHERWISE LOST) UNDER GIVEN LANDSCAPE CONDITIONS, AND TO WHAT EXTENT THE INTRODUCTION OF NATURAL ELEMENTS (OR THEIR ELIMINATION) INDUCES CHANGES IN THE ECOSYSTEMIC SERVICES STUDIED. (English)
12 October 2021
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Jaén
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Identifiers
CGL2015-68963-C2-1-R
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