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Project 0.9843432647052694 in Spain
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | No label defined |
Project 0.9843432647052694 in Spain |
Statements
24,200.0 Euro
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30,250.0 Euro
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80.0 percent
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1 January 2018
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31 December 2020
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UNIVERSIDAD DE JAEN
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23050
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EL CONSUMO DE SUSTANCIAS CON EFECTOS PSICOACTIVOS CONSTITUYE UNA DE LAS PRACTICAS MAS ARRAIGADAS EN EL SER HUMANO DESDE TIEMPOS REMOTOS, QUE EN OCASIONES DERIVA EN UN PATRON DESADAPTATIVO CARACTERIZADO POR UNA TENDENCIA COMPULSIVA A BUSCAR Y CONSUMIR LA SUSTANCIA, POR LA PERDIDA DE CONTROL EN RELACION CON SU CONSUMO LIMITADO, Y POR LA APARICION DE UN ESTADO EMOCIONAL NEGATIVO CUANDO EL ACCESO A LA DROGA NO ESTA DISPONIBLE (KOOB Y VOLKOW, 2016). NUMEROSAS APROXIMACIONES TEORICO-EXPERIMENTALES HAN INTENTADO IDENTIFICAR LAS MOTIVACIONES FUNDAMENTALES QUE LLEVAN A UN INDIVIDUO A CONSUMIR SUSTANCIAS DE ABUSO. LA HIPOTESIS DE LA AUTOMEDICACION AFIRMA QUE EL TIPO DE SUSTANCIA ELEGIDA DEPENDE DE LA HABILIDAD DE LA MISMA PARA ALIVIAR UNA PSICOPATOLOGIA PREEXISTENTE O UN ESTADO NEGATIVO INDUCIDO POR SITUACIONES AVERSIVAS (KHANTZIAN, 1985). NO OBSTANTE, SE DESCONOCE CON PRECISION QUE EXPERIENCIAS AMBIENTALES INDUCEN AUTOMEDICACION, QUE SUSTANCIAS LA SUSTENTAN, Y QUE AREAS DEL CEREBRO SON RESPONSABLES DE LA MISMA. NUESTRO GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION HA ACUMULADO EVIDENCIA DIVERSA INDICATIVA DE QUE LOS ESTADOS EMOCIONALES NEGATIVOS DE FRUSTRACION, INDUCIDOS POR EXPERIENCIAS DE PERDIDA DE RECOMPENSA, PROMUEVEN EN ANIMALES DE EXPERIMENTACION (RATAS) EL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y DE OTRAS SUSTANCIAS ANSIOLITICAS COMO LAS BENZODIACEPINAS. EL OBJETIVO GENERAL DE ESTE PROYECTO ES AMPLIAR EL ESTUDIO PSICOBIOLOGICO DE ESTE FENOMENO, CONOCIDO COMO AUTOMEDICACION EMOCIONAL (EMOTIONAL SELF-MEDICATION, ESM; TORRES Y PAPINI, 2016). COMO OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS SE ESTABLECEN LOS SIGUIENTES: (1) CARACTERIZACION: AMPLIAR NUESTRO CONOCIMIENTO ACERCA DE LAS CONDICIONES EXPERIMENTALES PRECISAS BAJO LAS CUALES SE PRODUCE ESM INDUCIDA POR FRUSTRACION, ANALIZANDO SU REPLICABILIDAD Y SELECTIVIDAD A SUSTANCIAS ANSIOLITICAS. (2) GENERALIZACION: ANALIZAR SI LA ESM INDUCIDA POR FRUSTRACION SE TRANSFIERE Y GENERALIZA A OTRAS SITUACIONES DE PERDIDA, Y BAJO QUE CONDICIONES SE PRODUCE ESTA GENERALIZACION, LO QUE PODRIA SER UN FACTOR DETERMINANTE EN LA TRANSICION DESDE EL CONSUMO INICIAL HACIA LA PERDIDA DE CONTROL QUE CARACTERIZA A LA ADICCION. (3) INOCULACION: IDENTIFICAR QUE MANIPULACIONES EXPERIMENTALES PUEDEN REDUCIR O PREVENIR LA ESM, BIEN ENTRENANDO A LOS ANIMALES PARA HACERLOS RESILIENTES A LA FRUSTRACION (REFORZAMIENTO PARCIAL), BIEN DANDOLES LA POSIBILIDAD DE DESPLEGAR CONDUCTAS ALTERNATIVAS A LA ESM (COMO LA ACTIVIDAD FISICA). (4) NEUROBIOLOGIA: EXPLORAR LA IMPLICACION DE LA HABENULA LATERAL EN LA ESM INDUCIDA POR FRUSTRACION. SE PRETENDE ASI DETERMINAR, DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA PSICOBIOLOGICA, SI LA FRUSTRACION CONSTITUYE UNA PUERTA DE ENTRADA AL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y ANSIOLITICOS. (Spanish)
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THE CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IS A DEEP-ROOTED HUMAN PRACTICE SINCE ANCIENT TIMES. OCCASIONALLY SUCH PRACTICES CAN DEVELOP INTO MALADAPTIVE PATTERNS CHARACTERIZED BY A COMPULSIVE TENDENCY TO SEARCH AND CONSUME SUCH SUBSTANCE, A LOSS OF CONTROL FOR LIMITED CONSUMPTION, AND THE EMERGENCE OF A NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL STATE WHEN ACCESS TO THE DRUG IS NOT POSSIBLE (KOOB & VOLKOW, 2016). SEVERAL THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES HAVE ATTEMPTED TO IDENTIFY THE FUNDAMENTAL MOTIVATIONS LEADING AN INDIVIDUAL TO ABUSE SUBSTANCES. THE SELF-MEDICATION HYPOTHESIS MAINTAINS THA THE TYPE OF SUBSTANCE CHOSEN FOR CONSUMPTION DEPENDS ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT SUBSTANCE ALLEVIATES A PREEXISTING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OR A NEGATIVE STATE INDUCED BY AVERSIVE CIRCUMSTANCES (KHANTZIAN, 1985). HOWEVER, THE CONDITIONS THAT INDUCE SELF-MEDICATION, THE TYPES OF SUBSTANCES THAT SUPPORT SELF-MEDICATION, AND THE BRAIN AREAS RESPONSIBLE FOR SELF-MEDICATION ARE NOT KNOWN. OUR RESEARCH GROUP HAS ACCUMULATED EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT THE NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL STATES OF FRUSTRATION INDUCED BY EVENTS INVOLVING REWARD LOSS PROMOTE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS (RATS) THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER ANXIOLYTIC SUBSTANCES SUCH AS THE BENZODIAZEPINES. THE GENERAL AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXTEND THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THIS PHENOMENON, KNOWN AS EMOTIONAL SELF-MEDICATION (ESM; TORRES & PAPINI, 2016). THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC AIMS WILL BE PURSUED: (1) CHARACTERIZATION: TO BROADEN OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE PRECISE EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH ESM EFFECTS INDUCED BY FRUSTRATION, ASSESSING THEIR REPLICABILITY AND SELECTIVITY RELATIVE TO ANXIOLYTIC SUBSTANCES. (2) GENERALIZATION: TO DETERMINE WHETHER ESM EFFECTS INDUCED BY FRUSTRATION ARE TRANSFERRED AND GENERALIZED TO OTHER SITUATIONS INVOLVING REWARD LOSS AND UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS SUCH GENERALIZATION IS PRODUCED. SUCH GENERALIZATION COULD BE A DETERMINANT FACTOR UNDERLYING THE TRANSITION FROM AN INITIAL CONSUMPTION TO THE LOSS OF CONTROL THAT CHARACTERIZES ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR. (3) INNOCULATION: TO IDENTIFY EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS THAT COULD REDUCED OR PREVENT ESM EFFECTS, WHETHER TRAINING ANIMALS TO INCREASE THEIR RESILIENCE TO FRUSTRATION (PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT), OR GIVING ANIMALS THE POSSIBILITY TO DISPLAY ALTERNATIVE BEHAVIOR OR ESM (SUCH AS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY). (4) NEUROBIOLOGY: TO EXPLORE THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE LATERAL HABENULA IN ESM INDUCED BY FRUSTRATION. IT IS HOPE THAT SUCH A PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE WOULD HELP US DETERMINE WHETHER FRUSTRATION MAY BE A GATEWAY TO THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND ANXIOLYTICS. (English)
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Jaén
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Identifiers
PSI2017-87340-P
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