Development of a digital camera-based measurement system for the international monitoring of the impact of light pollution on the environment (Q3923207): Difference between revisions
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A) Presentation of the tasks to be implemented during the project Light pollution is an increasingly significant problem in ecosystems, but this field of environmental science is still less researched, and is mainly less prominent than necessary in awareness-raising and legislation. Nowadays, the so-called “ecosystem services” are increasingly being addressed. It is increasingly evident that the basic conditions for human life such as clean air, drinking water, balanced climate, natural landscape, etc. presuppose the healthy functioning of the network of ecosystems that make up the biosphere. There is little knowledge about long-term changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to light pollution, and its impact on global ecosystems is still largely ignored. Light pollution entails a number of ecological risks. The most common problem is that artificial lights disturb the orientation. As a result, mainly flying animals (but others such as turtles or frogs) can simply get lost, fall into a light trap instead of their normal course, or collide with tall buildings. Lamps emitting short wavelength (cold-white) light have a 6-10x greater attractive effect on e.g. active butterfly species at night than sodium lamps. For nightlife species, artificial lights may shorten the time that is appropriate for feeding. Changing the natural light conditions, the natural rhythm of day and night, the duration of illumination, the daily and annual biorhythms of living beings, disruption of the endocrine system, etc. Light pollution disrupts the food chain, fragments habitats, separates multiplying partners that react to light from each other, interferes with individual communication, changes competition conditions, the ecosystem’s material-energy information flows and patterns. All these data and facts go beyond individual species and individuals, highlighting that such disturbances can cause damage to communities and thus to an entire ecosystem. The luminous flux in the environment can be divided into two major groups: direct light emitted from light sources and diffuse light due to atmospheric dispersion. In the urban environment, diffuse light is more important in the immediate natural environment. There are common procedures and tools for measuring direct light effects, but measuring diffuse light is challenging in several ways: in general, the quantity to be measured is less than the limit of the standard measuring instruments, measured in field conditions and the full description is given by the distribution of the luminance of the sky. The only solution is to measure the total sky luminance. However, there are no off-the-shelf devices that can be used for this purpose, as the luminance values to be measured are significantly lower than those used in conventional measurement techniques. A new measurement option was made possible by the rapid development of digital cameras. The cameras of the higher category are sensitive enough to obtain accurate measurement data from the whole sky and environment, even in light pollution-free locations, the measurements can be easily reproduced and carried out in a short time. With the support of the tender, we are developing a mobile laboratory environment that can fill gaps in international cooperation. The longer term goal is to establish a Central European Research Centre. The planned measurement system also allows accurate measurements of luminance under field conditions, even in natural nightlight conditions. The strength of the system is that in addition to the possibility of field measurements, mobile cameras can be calibrated in one step with ISO calibrated primary measuring instruments. This is a significant step forward because previous systems used multi-stage calibrations and were not usually validated with standard CIE quantities (astronomical units for example). The additional strength of the established measurement system is that it allows parallel, high-resolution luminance measurements to be carried out. The use of measurements based on digital cameras has already started with unique tools. However, there are a number of points where further research and more procedures are needed, which can be achieved with the help of the application: — One essential requirement is the continuous calibration of the systems, more precise consideration of the spectral sensitivity of the cameras. Accordingly, field-based devices are extended with calibration devices that allow continuous calibration of cameras under laboratory conditions. — The most important new element is that parallel measurements will be possible with the same type of cameras calibrated in parallel. The latter is very important as the luminance of the sky is constantly changing. Artificial and natural light source (English) | |||||||||||||||
| Property / summary: A) Presentation of the tasks to be implemented during the project Light pollution is an increasingly significant problem in ecosystems, but this field of environmental science is still less researched, and is mainly less prominent than necessary in awareness-raising and legislation. Nowadays, the so-called “ecosystem services” are increasingly being addressed. It is increasingly evident that the basic conditions for human life such as clean air, drinking water, balanced climate, natural landscape, etc. presuppose the healthy functioning of the network of ecosystems that make up the biosphere. There is little knowledge about long-term changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to light pollution, and its impact on global ecosystems is still largely ignored. Light pollution entails a number of ecological risks. The most common problem is that artificial lights disturb the orientation. As a result, mainly flying animals (but others such as turtles or frogs) can simply get lost, fall into a light trap instead of their normal course, or collide with tall buildings. Lamps emitting short wavelength (cold-white) light have a 6-10x greater attractive effect on e.g. active butterfly species at night than sodium lamps. For nightlife species, artificial lights may shorten the time that is appropriate for feeding. Changing the natural light conditions, the natural rhythm of day and night, the duration of illumination, the daily and annual biorhythms of living beings, disruption of the endocrine system, etc. Light pollution disrupts the food chain, fragments habitats, separates multiplying partners that react to light from each other, interferes with individual communication, changes competition conditions, the ecosystem’s material-energy information flows and patterns. All these data and facts go beyond individual species and individuals, highlighting that such disturbances can cause damage to communities and thus to an entire ecosystem. The luminous flux in the environment can be divided into two major groups: direct light emitted from light sources and diffuse light due to atmospheric dispersion. In the urban environment, diffuse light is more important in the immediate natural environment. There are common procedures and tools for measuring direct light effects, but measuring diffuse light is challenging in several ways: in general, the quantity to be measured is less than the limit of the standard measuring instruments, measured in field conditions and the full description is given by the distribution of the luminance of the sky. The only solution is to measure the total sky luminance. However, there are no off-the-shelf devices that can be used for this purpose, as the luminance values to be measured are significantly lower than those used in conventional measurement techniques. A new measurement option was made possible by the rapid development of digital cameras. The cameras of the higher category are sensitive enough to obtain accurate measurement data from the whole sky and environment, even in light pollution-free locations, the measurements can be easily reproduced and carried out in a short time. With the support of the tender, we are developing a mobile laboratory environment that can fill gaps in international cooperation. The longer term goal is to establish a Central European Research Centre. The planned measurement system also allows accurate measurements of luminance under field conditions, even in natural nightlight conditions. The strength of the system is that in addition to the possibility of field measurements, mobile cameras can be calibrated in one step with ISO calibrated primary measuring instruments. This is a significant step forward because previous systems used multi-stage calibrations and were not usually validated with standard CIE quantities (astronomical units for example). The additional strength of the established measurement system is that it allows parallel, high-resolution luminance measurements to be carried out. The use of measurements based on digital cameras has already started with unique tools. However, there are a number of points where further research and more procedures are needed, which can be achieved with the help of the application: — One essential requirement is the continuous calibration of the systems, more precise consideration of the spectral sensitivity of the cameras. Accordingly, field-based devices are extended with calibration devices that allow continuous calibration of cameras under laboratory conditions. — The most important new element is that parallel measurements will be possible with the same type of cameras calibrated in parallel. The latter is very important as the luminance of the sky is constantly changing. Artificial and natural light source (English) / rank | |||||||||||||||
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| Property / summary: A) Presentation of the tasks to be implemented during the project Light pollution is an increasingly significant problem in ecosystems, but this field of environmental science is still less researched, and is mainly less prominent than necessary in awareness-raising and legislation. Nowadays, the so-called “ecosystem services” are increasingly being addressed. It is increasingly evident that the basic conditions for human life such as clean air, drinking water, balanced climate, natural landscape, etc. presuppose the healthy functioning of the network of ecosystems that make up the biosphere. There is little knowledge about long-term changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to light pollution, and its impact on global ecosystems is still largely ignored. Light pollution entails a number of ecological risks. The most common problem is that artificial lights disturb the orientation. As a result, mainly flying animals (but others such as turtles or frogs) can simply get lost, fall into a light trap instead of their normal course, or collide with tall buildings. Lamps emitting short wavelength (cold-white) light have a 6-10x greater attractive effect on e.g. active butterfly species at night than sodium lamps. For nightlife species, artificial lights may shorten the time that is appropriate for feeding. Changing the natural light conditions, the natural rhythm of day and night, the duration of illumination, the daily and annual biorhythms of living beings, disruption of the endocrine system, etc. Light pollution disrupts the food chain, fragments habitats, separates multiplying partners that react to light from each other, interferes with individual communication, changes competition conditions, the ecosystem’s material-energy information flows and patterns. All these data and facts go beyond individual species and individuals, highlighting that such disturbances can cause damage to communities and thus to an entire ecosystem. The luminous flux in the environment can be divided into two major groups: direct light emitted from light sources and diffuse light due to atmospheric dispersion. In the urban environment, diffuse light is more important in the immediate natural environment. There are common procedures and tools for measuring direct light effects, but measuring diffuse light is challenging in several ways: in general, the quantity to be measured is less than the limit of the standard measuring instruments, measured in field conditions and the full description is given by the distribution of the luminance of the sky. The only solution is to measure the total sky luminance. However, there are no off-the-shelf devices that can be used for this purpose, as the luminance values to be measured are significantly lower than those used in conventional measurement techniques. A new measurement option was made possible by the rapid development of digital cameras. The cameras of the higher category are sensitive enough to obtain accurate measurement data from the whole sky and environment, even in light pollution-free locations, the measurements can be easily reproduced and carried out in a short time. With the support of the tender, we are developing a mobile laboratory environment that can fill gaps in international cooperation. The longer term goal is to establish a Central European Research Centre. The planned measurement system also allows accurate measurements of luminance under field conditions, even in natural nightlight conditions. The strength of the system is that in addition to the possibility of field measurements, mobile cameras can be calibrated in one step with ISO calibrated primary measuring instruments. This is a significant step forward because previous systems used multi-stage calibrations and were not usually validated with standard CIE quantities (astronomical units for example). The additional strength of the established measurement system is that it allows parallel, high-resolution luminance measurements to be carried out. The use of measurements based on digital cameras has already started with unique tools. However, there are a number of points where further research and more procedures are needed, which can be achieved with the help of the application: — One essential requirement is the continuous calibration of the systems, more precise consideration of the spectral sensitivity of the cameras. Accordingly, field-based devices are extended with calibration devices that allow continuous calibration of cameras under laboratory conditions. — The most important new element is that parallel measurements will be possible with the same type of cameras calibrated in parallel. The latter is very important as the luminance of the sky is constantly changing. Artificial and natural light source (English) / qualifier | |||||||||||||||
point in time: 8 February 2022
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Revision as of 17:46, 8 February 2022
Project Q3923207 in Hungary
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | Development of a digital camera-based measurement system for the international monitoring of the impact of light pollution on the environment |
Project Q3923207 in Hungary |
Statements
55,134,045 forint
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150,715.837 Euro
0.0027336256 Euro
15 December 2021
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55,134,045.0 forint
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100.0 percent
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1 February 2017
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31 December 2020
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EÖTVÖS LORÁND TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM
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47°13'44.83"N, 16°37'7.54"E
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A) A projekt során megvalósítani kívánt feladatok bemutatása A fényszennyezés egyre jelentősebb problémát jelent az ökoszisztémákban, de a környezettudományok ezen területe még mindig kevésbé kutatott, és főképpen a szükségesnél kisebb hangsúllyal szerepel a figyelemfelhívásban, törvényhozásban. Napjainkban egyre többet foglalkoznak az ún. „ökoszisztéma szolgáltatásokkal”. Egyre nyilvánvalóbb, hogy az emberi élet olyan alapvető feltételei mint a tiszta levegő, az ivóvíz, a kiegyensúlyozott klíma, a természetes táj, stb. a bioszférát alkotó ökoszisztémák hálózatának egészséges működését feltételezik. A fényszennyezés hatására a szárazföldi és vízi ökoszisztémákban végbemenő hosszú távú változásokról keveset tudunk, a globális ökológiai rendszerekre kifejtett hatását pedig még mindig messzemenően figyelmen kívül hagyjuk. A fényszennyezés számos ökológiai kockázattal jár. A legáltalánosabban előforduló probléma az, hogy a mesterséges fények zavart okoznak a tájékozódásban. Ennek folyományaként, főként a repülő állatok (de mások is, pl. a teknősök vagy a békák), egyszerűen eltévedhetnek, normális útvonaluk helyett fénycsapdába eshetnek vagy magas épületeknek ütközhetnek. A rövid hullámhosszú (hideg-fehér) fényt kibocsátó lámpák 6-10x nagyobb vonzó hatást fejtenek ki pl. az éjszaka aktív lepkefajokra, mint a nátrium lámpák. Éjszakai életmódot folytató fajok esetében a mesterséges fények lerövidíthetik azt az időszakot, ami megfelelő a táplálékszerzésre. A természetes fényviszonyok, a nappal és éjszaka természetes ritmusának, a megvilágítás időtartamának megváltozásával felborul az élőlények napi és éves bioritmusa, zavart szenved az endokrin rendszer működése, stb. A fényszennyezés megzavarja a táplálékláncot, feldarabolja az élőhelyeket, elkülöníti egymástól a fényre különböző módon reagáló szaporodó partnereket, zavarja az egyedek kommunikációját, megváltoztatja a versengési viszonyokat, az ökoszisztéma anyag-energia-információáramlását és mintázatait. Mindezen adatok és tények túlmutatnak az egyes fajokon és egyedeken, rávilágítva arra, hogy ilyen mértékű zavarás miatt már az életközösségek és ezáltal egy egész ökoszisztéma is sérülhet. A környezetet érő fényáram két jelentős csoportba osztható: a fényforrásokból távozó közvetlen fény, és a légköri szórásnak köszönhető szórt, diffúz fény. A városi környezetben a közvetlen, természeti környezetben a diffúz fény jelentősebb. A közvetlen fényhatások mérésére megvannak az elterjedt eljárások és eszközök, azonban a diffúz fény mérése több szempontból is kihívást jelent: általában a mérendő mennyiség kisebb a szokványos mérőműszerek méréshatáránál, terepi körülmények között kell mérni és a teljes leírást az égbolt fénysűrűségének eloszlása adja meg. Az egyedüli megoldás a teljes égbolt leképező fénysűrűség mérése. Nem léteznek azonban olyan felhasználásra kész (off the shelf) eszközök, amelyek jól alkalmazhatók erre a célra, hiszen a mérendő fénysűrűség értékek lényegesen alacsonyabbak annál, mint amit a hagyományos méréstechnikában használnak. Egy új mérési lehetőséget tett lehetővé a digitális fényképezőgépekben tapasztalt rohamos fejlődés. A magasabb kategória kamerái kellően érzékenyek ahhoz, hogy a fényszennyezésmentes helyeken is pontos mérési adatokhoz jussunk a teljes égboltról, környezetről, a mérések jól reprodukálhatóak és rövid idő alatt elvégezhetők. A pályázat támogatásával egy olyan mobil laboratóriumi környezet kiépítését végezzük el, amellyel hiánypótló méréseket végezhetünk nemzetközi kooperációban. A hosszabb távú cél egy közép-európai kutatóközpont létrehozása. A tervezett mérőrendszer terepi körülmények között is lehetővé teszi a pontos fénysűrűségméréseket természetes éjszakai fényviszonyok mellett is. A rendszer erőssége, hogy a terepi mérések lehetősége mellett ISO kalibrált elsődleges mérőműszerekkel a mobil kamerák folyamatosan, egy lépésben kalibrálhatóak. Ez jelentős előrelépés, mert a korábbi rendszerek több lépcsős kalibrálást alkalmaztak, és általában nem a sztenderd CIE mennyiségekkel (hanem pl csillagászati egységekkel) végezték a hitelesítést. A kialakított mérőrendszer további erőssége, hogy lehetővé teszi a párhuzamos, nagy felbontású leképező fénysűrűségmérések végzését. Egyedi eszközökkel már elkezdődött a digitális kamerákra épülő mérések használata. Azonban számos pont van, ahol további kutatásokra és újabb eljárásosokra van szükség, amelyek a pályázat segítségével megvalósíthatóak: - Egy alapvető követelmény a rendszerek folyamatos kalibrálása, a kamerák spektrális érzékenységének pontosabb figyelembevétele. Ennek megfelelően a terepen használható eszközöket kibővítjük olyan kalibrációs eszközökkel, amikkel laboratóriumi körülmények között folyamatosan kalibrálhatóak a kamerák. - A legfontosabb új elem, hogy azonos típusú, párhuzamosan kalibrált kamerákkal parallel mérések végzésére lesz lehetőség. Ez utóbbi nagyon fontos, mivel az égbolt fénysűrűsége folyamatosan változik. A mesterséges és természetes fényforrás (Hungarian)
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A) Presentation of the tasks to be implemented during the project Light pollution is an increasingly significant problem in ecosystems, but this field of environmental science is still less researched, and is mainly less prominent than necessary in awareness-raising and legislation. Nowadays, the so-called “ecosystem services” are increasingly being addressed. It is increasingly evident that the basic conditions for human life such as clean air, drinking water, balanced climate, natural landscape, etc. presuppose the healthy functioning of the network of ecosystems that make up the biosphere. There is little knowledge about long-term changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to light pollution, and its impact on global ecosystems is still largely ignored. Light pollution entails a number of ecological risks. The most common problem is that artificial lights disturb the orientation. As a result, mainly flying animals (but others such as turtles or frogs) can simply get lost, fall into a light trap instead of their normal course, or collide with tall buildings. Lamps emitting short wavelength (cold-white) light have a 6-10x greater attractive effect on e.g. active butterfly species at night than sodium lamps. For nightlife species, artificial lights may shorten the time that is appropriate for feeding. Changing the natural light conditions, the natural rhythm of day and night, the duration of illumination, the daily and annual biorhythms of living beings, disruption of the endocrine system, etc. Light pollution disrupts the food chain, fragments habitats, separates multiplying partners that react to light from each other, interferes with individual communication, changes competition conditions, the ecosystem’s material-energy information flows and patterns. All these data and facts go beyond individual species and individuals, highlighting that such disturbances can cause damage to communities and thus to an entire ecosystem. The luminous flux in the environment can be divided into two major groups: direct light emitted from light sources and diffuse light due to atmospheric dispersion. In the urban environment, diffuse light is more important in the immediate natural environment. There are common procedures and tools for measuring direct light effects, but measuring diffuse light is challenging in several ways: in general, the quantity to be measured is less than the limit of the standard measuring instruments, measured in field conditions and the full description is given by the distribution of the luminance of the sky. The only solution is to measure the total sky luminance. However, there are no off-the-shelf devices that can be used for this purpose, as the luminance values to be measured are significantly lower than those used in conventional measurement techniques. A new measurement option was made possible by the rapid development of digital cameras. The cameras of the higher category are sensitive enough to obtain accurate measurement data from the whole sky and environment, even in light pollution-free locations, the measurements can be easily reproduced and carried out in a short time. With the support of the tender, we are developing a mobile laboratory environment that can fill gaps in international cooperation. The longer term goal is to establish a Central European Research Centre. The planned measurement system also allows accurate measurements of luminance under field conditions, even in natural nightlight conditions. The strength of the system is that in addition to the possibility of field measurements, mobile cameras can be calibrated in one step with ISO calibrated primary measuring instruments. This is a significant step forward because previous systems used multi-stage calibrations and were not usually validated with standard CIE quantities (astronomical units for example). The additional strength of the established measurement system is that it allows parallel, high-resolution luminance measurements to be carried out. The use of measurements based on digital cameras has already started with unique tools. However, there are a number of points where further research and more procedures are needed, which can be achieved with the help of the application: — One essential requirement is the continuous calibration of the systems, more precise consideration of the spectral sensitivity of the cameras. Accordingly, field-based devices are extended with calibration devices that allow continuous calibration of cameras under laboratory conditions. — The most important new element is that parallel measurements will be possible with the same type of cameras calibrated in parallel. The latter is very important as the luminance of the sky is constantly changing. Artificial and natural light source (English)
8 February 2022
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Szombathely, Vas
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Identifiers
GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00037
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