Q3673334 (Q3673334): Difference between revisions
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(Created claim: summary (P836): Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the 9th on Earth and the 2nd in the oceans. This characteristic combined with its physical and chemical properties gives it a remarkable potential for use as an energy carrier. Combined with fuel cells, hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier for transport and electricity generation, contributing to the replacement of fossil fuels. Some (J. Rifkin among others) see this evolution as a rev...) |
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Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the 9th on Earth and the 2nd in the oceans. This characteristic combined with its physical and chemical properties gives it a remarkable potential for use as an energy carrier. Combined with fuel cells, hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier for transport and electricity generation, contributing to the replacement of fossil fuels. Some (J. Rifkin among others) see this evolution as a revolution as important as that caused by the use of coal at the beginning of the industrial era. Governments, particularly in the United States and Japan, place great hopes in this widespread use of hydrogen. But hydrogen has a low density and a very low boiling point that makes storage and transport extremely difficult. One kilogram of H2 occupies a volume of 11000 litres at ambient temperature and pressure! It must therefore be stored in compressed form. But storage in the form of compressed gas or liquid has a significant energy cost. Learning how to store hydrogen better is a crucial issue in particular for eco-mobility. One of the options developed is to store hydrogen as AF via hydrogenation of CO2 in AF. Paul Sabatier was the first to demonstrate in 1912 that hydrogen can be reversibly generated from AF in the presence of metal catalysts or metal oxides (Equation 1). This pioneering work, rarely cited, has been followed by several studies aimed at developing effective but above all selective dehydrogenation catalysts for this reaction in order to avoid the formation of carbon monoxide according to an AF dehydration reaction. it can be obtained either from biomass oxidation or by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2). To date, AF production is around 800,000 tonnes/year (BASF and Kemira are the largest producers in the world). Another advantage, not least, is that it contains 53 g/L of dihydrogen at room temperature and pressure, which is twice the capacity of the 350 bar compressed dihydrogen. Different groups have shown that the selective decomposition of AF to H2 and CO2 is possible in the presence of noble metals and complex ligands. Dihydrogen can thus be produced in a wide pressure range (1-600 bar) and the reaction does not generate CO, polluting catalysts used in fuel cells. Nevertheless, despite the variety of catalysts developed in the homogeneous or heterogeneous phase, the most active are based on precious metals, i.e. iridium, ruthenium, gold, or palladium. Recently, promising iron-based catalysts have been developed but require the use of ligands that are difficult to access. An alternative to replacing these metal-based catalysts would be to use organocatalysers, which are inexpensive and easy to produce. To date, no method for producing hydrogen from AF and using organic catalysts has been proposed. (English) | |||||||||||||||
| Property / summary: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the 9th on Earth and the 2nd in the oceans. This characteristic combined with its physical and chemical properties gives it a remarkable potential for use as an energy carrier. Combined with fuel cells, hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier for transport and electricity generation, contributing to the replacement of fossil fuels. Some (J. Rifkin among others) see this evolution as a revolution as important as that caused by the use of coal at the beginning of the industrial era. Governments, particularly in the United States and Japan, place great hopes in this widespread use of hydrogen. But hydrogen has a low density and a very low boiling point that makes storage and transport extremely difficult. One kilogram of H2 occupies a volume of 11000 litres at ambient temperature and pressure! It must therefore be stored in compressed form. But storage in the form of compressed gas or liquid has a significant energy cost. Learning how to store hydrogen better is a crucial issue in particular for eco-mobility. One of the options developed is to store hydrogen as AF via hydrogenation of CO2 in AF. Paul Sabatier was the first to demonstrate in 1912 that hydrogen can be reversibly generated from AF in the presence of metal catalysts or metal oxides (Equation 1). This pioneering work, rarely cited, has been followed by several studies aimed at developing effective but above all selective dehydrogenation catalysts for this reaction in order to avoid the formation of carbon monoxide according to an AF dehydration reaction. it can be obtained either from biomass oxidation or by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2). To date, AF production is around 800,000 tonnes/year (BASF and Kemira are the largest producers in the world). Another advantage, not least, is that it contains 53 g/L of dihydrogen at room temperature and pressure, which is twice the capacity of the 350 bar compressed dihydrogen. Different groups have shown that the selective decomposition of AF to H2 and CO2 is possible in the presence of noble metals and complex ligands. Dihydrogen can thus be produced in a wide pressure range (1-600 bar) and the reaction does not generate CO, polluting catalysts used in fuel cells. Nevertheless, despite the variety of catalysts developed in the homogeneous or heterogeneous phase, the most active are based on precious metals, i.e. iridium, ruthenium, gold, or palladium. Recently, promising iron-based catalysts have been developed but require the use of ligands that are difficult to access. An alternative to replacing these metal-based catalysts would be to use organocatalysers, which are inexpensive and easy to produce. To date, no method for producing hydrogen from AF and using organic catalysts has been proposed. (English) / rank | |||||||||||||||
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| Property / summary: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the 9th on Earth and the 2nd in the oceans. This characteristic combined with its physical and chemical properties gives it a remarkable potential for use as an energy carrier. Combined with fuel cells, hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier for transport and electricity generation, contributing to the replacement of fossil fuels. Some (J. Rifkin among others) see this evolution as a revolution as important as that caused by the use of coal at the beginning of the industrial era. Governments, particularly in the United States and Japan, place great hopes in this widespread use of hydrogen. But hydrogen has a low density and a very low boiling point that makes storage and transport extremely difficult. One kilogram of H2 occupies a volume of 11000 litres at ambient temperature and pressure! It must therefore be stored in compressed form. But storage in the form of compressed gas or liquid has a significant energy cost. Learning how to store hydrogen better is a crucial issue in particular for eco-mobility. One of the options developed is to store hydrogen as AF via hydrogenation of CO2 in AF. Paul Sabatier was the first to demonstrate in 1912 that hydrogen can be reversibly generated from AF in the presence of metal catalysts or metal oxides (Equation 1). This pioneering work, rarely cited, has been followed by several studies aimed at developing effective but above all selective dehydrogenation catalysts for this reaction in order to avoid the formation of carbon monoxide according to an AF dehydration reaction. it can be obtained either from biomass oxidation or by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2). To date, AF production is around 800,000 tonnes/year (BASF and Kemira are the largest producers in the world). Another advantage, not least, is that it contains 53 g/L of dihydrogen at room temperature and pressure, which is twice the capacity of the 350 bar compressed dihydrogen. Different groups have shown that the selective decomposition of AF to H2 and CO2 is possible in the presence of noble metals and complex ligands. Dihydrogen can thus be produced in a wide pressure range (1-600 bar) and the reaction does not generate CO, polluting catalysts used in fuel cells. Nevertheless, despite the variety of catalysts developed in the homogeneous or heterogeneous phase, the most active are based on precious metals, i.e. iridium, ruthenium, gold, or palladium. Recently, promising iron-based catalysts have been developed but require the use of ligands that are difficult to access. An alternative to replacing these metal-based catalysts would be to use organocatalysers, which are inexpensive and easy to produce. To date, no method for producing hydrogen from AF and using organic catalysts has been proposed. (English) / qualifier | |||||||||||||||
point in time: 18 November 2021
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Revision as of 10:32, 18 November 2021
Project Q3673334 in France
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | No label defined |
Project Q3673334 in France |
Statements
44,149.00 Euro
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88,298.0 Euro
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50.0 percent
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1 November 2015
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30 April 2019
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UNIVERSITE DE CAEN NORMANDIE
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14032
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L'hydrogène est l'élément le plus abondant de l'univers, le 9ème sur la terre et le 2ème dans les océans. Cette caractéristique associée à ses propriétés physiques et chimiques lui confère un potentiel remarquable pour une utilisation comme vecteur énergétique. Associé aux piles à combustible, l'hydrogène peut en effet, être utilisé comme vecteur d'énergie pour les transports et la production d'électricité, contribuant au remplacement des carburants fossiles. Certains (J. Rifkin entre autres) voient dans cette évolution une révolution aussi importante que celle provoquée par l'utilisation du charbon au début de l'ère industrielle. Les pouvoirs publics, particulièrement aux Etats-Unis et au Japon, placent de grands espoirs dans cet usage étendu de l'hydrogène. Mais l'hydrogène possède une faible densité et un point d'ébullition très bas qui rendent son stockage et son transport extrêmement difficile. Un kilogramme de H2 occupe un volume de 11000 litres à température et pression ambiantes! Il faut donc le stocker sous forme comprimé. Mais le stockage sous forme de gaz comprimé ou de liquide a un coût énergétique important. Apprendre à mieux stocker l'hydrogène est un enjeu capital en particulier pour l'écomobilité. Une des options développée consiste à stocker l'hydrogène sous forme d'AF via l'hydrogénation du CO2 en AF. Paul Sabatier fut le premier à démontrer dès 1912 qu'il est possible de générer réversiblement de l'hydrogène à partir de l'AF en présence de catalyseurs métalliques ou d'oxydes de métaux (équation 1). Ce travail pionnier, rarement cité, a été suivi de plusieurs études visant à développer pour cette réaction des catalyseurs de déshydrogénation efficaces mais surtout sélectifs afin d'éviter la formation de monoxyde de carbone selon une réaction de déshydratation de l'AF.L'intérêt de l'usage de l'AF est du en particulier à sa facilité d'accès ; il peut être obtenu soit à partir de l'oxydation de la biomasse ou via l'hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone (CO2). A ce jour, la production d'AF est de l'ordre de 800.000 tonnes/an (BASF et Kemira sont les plus grands producteurs au monde). Un autre avantage, et non des moindres, est quil contient 53 g/L de dihydrogène à température et pression ambiante, ce qui est deux fois la capacité du dihydrogène comprimé à 350 bar.Différents groupes ont montré que la décomposition sélective de l'AF en H2 et CO2 est possible en présence de métaux nobles et de ligands complexes. Le dihydrogène peut ainsi être produit dans une large plage de pression (1-600 bars) et la réaction n'engendre pas de CO, polluant des catalyseurs employés dans les piles à combustible. Néanmoins, malgré la variété de catalyseurs développés en phase homogène ou hétérogène, les plus actifs sont à base de métaux précieux à savoir l'iridium, le ruthénium, l'or, ou le palladium. Récemment, des catalyseurs prometteurs à base de fer ont été développés mais ils nécessitent l'emploi de ligands difficilement accessibles. Une alternative pour suppléer ces catalyseurs à base de métaux serait d'avoir recours à des organocatalyseurs, composés peu coûteux et aisés à produire. A ce jour aucune méthode permettant de produire de l'hydrogène à partir d'AF et utilisant des catalyseurs organiques, n'a été proposée. (French)
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Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the 9th on Earth and the 2nd in the oceans. This characteristic combined with its physical and chemical properties gives it a remarkable potential for use as an energy carrier. Combined with fuel cells, hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier for transport and electricity generation, contributing to the replacement of fossil fuels. Some (J. Rifkin among others) see this evolution as a revolution as important as that caused by the use of coal at the beginning of the industrial era. Governments, particularly in the United States and Japan, place great hopes in this widespread use of hydrogen. But hydrogen has a low density and a very low boiling point that makes storage and transport extremely difficult. One kilogram of H2 occupies a volume of 11000 litres at ambient temperature and pressure! It must therefore be stored in compressed form. But storage in the form of compressed gas or liquid has a significant energy cost. Learning how to store hydrogen better is a crucial issue in particular for eco-mobility. One of the options developed is to store hydrogen as AF via hydrogenation of CO2 in AF. Paul Sabatier was the first to demonstrate in 1912 that hydrogen can be reversibly generated from AF in the presence of metal catalysts or metal oxides (Equation 1). This pioneering work, rarely cited, has been followed by several studies aimed at developing effective but above all selective dehydrogenation catalysts for this reaction in order to avoid the formation of carbon monoxide according to an AF dehydration reaction. it can be obtained either from biomass oxidation or by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2). To date, AF production is around 800,000 tonnes/year (BASF and Kemira are the largest producers in the world). Another advantage, not least, is that it contains 53 g/L of dihydrogen at room temperature and pressure, which is twice the capacity of the 350 bar compressed dihydrogen. Different groups have shown that the selective decomposition of AF to H2 and CO2 is possible in the presence of noble metals and complex ligands. Dihydrogen can thus be produced in a wide pressure range (1-600 bar) and the reaction does not generate CO, polluting catalysts used in fuel cells. Nevertheless, despite the variety of catalysts developed in the homogeneous or heterogeneous phase, the most active are based on precious metals, i.e. iridium, ruthenium, gold, or palladium. Recently, promising iron-based catalysts have been developed but require the use of ligands that are difficult to access. An alternative to replacing these metal-based catalysts would be to use organocatalysers, which are inexpensive and easy to produce. To date, no method for producing hydrogen from AF and using organic catalysts has been proposed. (English)
18 November 2021
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Identifiers
15P03335
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