FACING COMPLEX PARADIGMS IN MARINE VIROLOGY THROUGH MULTI-OMICAL APPROACHES APPLIED AT COMMUNITY, POPULATION AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL (Q3177365): Difference between revisions
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38°20'37.10"N, 0°29'17.41"W
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Revision as of 15:36, 9 October 2021
Project Q3177365 in Spain
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | FACING COMPLEX PARADIGMS IN MARINE VIROLOGY THROUGH MULTI-OMICAL APPROACHES APPLIED AT COMMUNITY, POPULATION AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL |
Project Q3177365 in Spain |
Statements
87,725.0 Euro
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175,450.0 Euro
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50.0 percent
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1 January 2019
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31 December 2021
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UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE
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38°20'37.10"N, 0°29'17.41"W
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03014
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LOS VIRUS TIENEN UN ENORME IMPACTO EN EL RECICLAJE DEL C EN LOS OCEANOS Y EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUIMICOS. ENTRE EL 20-50% DE LAS BACTERIAS SON INFECTADAS, Y SU LISIS, LIBERA GIGATONES DE C AL AÑO. EN EL PASADO PROYECTO RETOS REF. CGL2013-40564-R, MEDIANTE EL DESARROLLO DE UNA NOVEDOSA APROXIMACION EXPERIMENTAL LLAMADA GENOMICA DE VIRUS INDIVIDUALES (GVI), DESVELAMOS EL VIRUS (DSDNA) MAS ABUNDANTE EN LOS OCEANOS, QUE BAUTIZAMOS COMO "37-F6", Y QUE HABIA PERMANECIDO "OCULTO" PARA LAS METODOLOGIAS EXISTENTES HASTA ESA FECHA. A PESAR DE LA IMPORTANCIA DE LOS VIRUS EN LA ESTRUCTURA DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS MARINOS, VARIOS PARADIGMAS CONTINUAN SIN RESOLVER EN VIROLOGIA MARINA QUE SERAN TRATADOS EN ESTE PROYECTO A DIFERENTES NIVELES, DESDE LA COMUNIDAD HASTA EL INDIVIDUO. EL PRIMER PARADIGMA QUE SE ENMARCA DENTRO DEL RETO 2 EN ¿INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS¿ (PUNTO 7) PRETENDE EVALUAR SI LOS ACTUALES MODELOS MARINOS, POR LAS LIMITACIONES EXISTENTES EN LAS TECNICAS, SIGUEN SIN INCORPORAR COMUNIDADES Y POBLACIONES VIRICAS QUE SON ABUNDANTES Y POR TANTO RELEVANTES EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUIMICOS. A NIVEL DE COMUNIDAD, AHONDAREMOS EN LA CONTRIBUCION DE LOS VIRUS DE RNA AL VIRIOPLANKTON MARINO. LA MAYORIA DE ESTUDIOS SE HAN CENTRADO EN LOS VIRUS DE DSDNA. LA ESCASEZ DE DATOS EN RELACION A LA ABUNDANCIA DE LOS VIRUS DE RNA LIMITA Y SESGA NUESTRA COMPRENSION DE LA ESTRUCTURA DEL VIRIOPLANCTON MARINO. ABORDAREMOS POR TANTO LA CUESTION DE LA ABUNDANCIA DE LOS VIRUS DE RNA DE UNA MANERA SISTEMATICA Y EXHAUSTIVA EMPLEANDO TECNICAS MULTIDISCIPLINARES QUE SERAN APLICADAS A MUESTRAS DE SUPERFICIE Y PROFUNDIDAD (4000 M) CON DIFERENTES CONDICIONES TROFICAS OBTENIDAS EN LA CAMPAÑA OCEANICA REPROCAN. POR OTRA PARTE, A NIVEL DE POBLACIONES DE VIRUS DE DSDNA, CLARIFICAREMOS SI, IGUAL QUE OCURRIO CON EL VIRUS 37-F6, TODAVIA EXISTEN OTRAS POBLACIONES DOMINANTES POR DESCUBRIR E INCLUIR EN NUESTROS MODELOS ECOLOGICOS DE LA ESTRUCTURA DEL VIRIOPLANCTON. ASI, SECUENCIAREMOS 800 GENOMAS DE VIRUS MARINOS ABUNDANTES NO CULTIVADOS MEDIANTE GVI COMBINADA CON SECUENCIACION POR METAGENOMICA MEDIANTE TECNOLOGIAS BASADAS EN SECUENCIAS CORTAS Y LARGAS, COMO NANOPOROS Y PACBIO. EL SEGUNDO Y TERCER PARADIGMA ESTAN INTERCONECTADOS Y SE CENTRARAN EN ABORDAR UNA PROBLEMATICA ALTAMENTE COMPLEJA EN VIROLOGIA, QUE ES MEDIR LA CONTRIBUCION EN LA TRANSFERENCIA DE C EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUIMICOS PARA DETERMINADAS POBLACIONES VIRICAS NO CULTIVADAS. EN LA PRACTICA, LOS VIROLOGOS MARINOS CARECEMOS PRACTICAMENTE DE METODOLOGIAS QUE NOS PERMITAN CONECTAR AMBOS TIPOS DE DATOS: IDENTIFICACION DE UN VIRUS NO CULTIVADO DETERMINADO CON MEDIDAS DIRECTAS DE SU CONTRIBUCION AL C Y OTROS NUTRIENTES. PRIMERO, TENIENDO COMO MODELO DE REFERENCIA DE ESTUDIO, EL VIRUS 37-F6, AHONDAREMOS EN LA ECOGENOMICA DE DICHA POBLACION MEDIANTE TECNICAS MULTIOMICAS BASADAS EN MICROFLUIDICA, PCR DIGITAL Y SECUENCIACION MASIVA. SEGUIDAMENTE, APLICANDO UNA APROXIMACION NOVEDOSA DENOMINADA ¿BONCAT¿ DONDE SE MARCA POR FLUORESCENCIA LAS PROTEINAS DE NUEVOS VIRUS PRODUCIDOS MEDIANTE UN ANALOGO DE LA METIONINA Y EN COMBINACION CON TECNICAS BASADA EN LA GENOMICA DE VIRUS INDIVIDUALES Y OTRAS OMICAS COMPLEMENTARIAS PODREMOS IDENTIFICAR Y MEDIR LA CONTRIBUCION ESPECIFICA DE LOS VIRUS EN LOS ECOSISTEMAS TANTO A NIVEL DE COMUNIDAD, POBLACION, COMO A NIVEL DE UNA CEPA VIRICA DETERMINADO, COMO EL 37-F6. FINALMENTE, DENTRO DEL RETO 5, ESTUDIAREMOS EL IMPACTO DEL CAMBIO CLIMATICO SOBRE POBLACIONES VIRICAS ECOLOGICAMENTE RELEVANTES A ESCALA GLOBAL (Spanish)
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PHAGE LYSIS IS A MAJOR FORCE IN THE RAPID RECYCLING OF CARBON WITHIN THE OCEANS AND HAS A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES. BETWEEN 20¿50% OF BACTERIAL CELLS ARE INFECTED BY PHAGES AT ANY GIVEN MOMENT, ALLOWING THE VIRAL SHUNT TO RELEASE GIGATONS OF CARBON PER YEAR. IN THE PAST FUNDED ¿RETOS¿ PROJECT (CGL2013-40564-R), BY APPLYING A RADICAL NEW APPROACH BASED ON SINGLE-VIRUS GENOMICS (SVGS), WE WERE ABLE TO UNVEIL THAT THE MARINE VIRUS 37-F6 WAS THE PUTATIVE MOST ABUNDANT DSDNA VIRAL POPULATION IN THE OCEANS, HAVING BEEN PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED BY CURRENT TECHNIQUES AND MISSED IN OCEANIC ECOLOGICAL MODELS. DESPITE VIRUSES BEING PARAMOUNT FOR MARINE ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE, SEVERAL PARADIGMS REMAIN UNRESOLVED IN MARINE VIROLOGY THAT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN THIS PROJECT AT COMMUNITY, POPULATION AND INDIVIDUAL SCALE. THE FIRST PARADIGM TO ADDRESS IS IN LINE WITH CHALLENGE 2 IN ¿MARINE INVESTIGATIONS¿ (TOPIC VII) AND AIMS TO SETTLE A DEBATE ON WHETHER OUR CURRENT VIRIOPLANKTON MODELS AND STANDARD VIRAL METAGENOMIC TECHNIQUES STILL OVERLOOK ABUNDANT VIRUSES THAT ARE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THE NUTRIENT CYCLES. AT THE COMMUNITY SCALE, THIS PROJECT AIMS TO UNVEIL THE ACTUAL CONTRIBUTION OF RNA VIRUSES TO MARINE VIRIOPLANKTON. MARINE VIROLOGY HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON DIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE AND STRUCTURE OF DSDNA VIRUSES. THE PAUCITY OF DATA REGARDING RNA ABUNDANCE HINDERS OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE ROLE OF MARINE RNA VIRUSES IN MARINE ECOLOGICAL MODELS. WE WILL EMPLOY MULTI-OMIC CUTTING-EDGE APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSIVELY ASSESS THE ABUNDANCE OF RNA VS DNA VIRUSES FROM SURFACE TO THE DEEP OCEAN IN SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THE FORTHCOMING RAPROCAN OCEANIC CAMPAIGN, FROM OLIGOTROPHIC TO EUTROPHIC COASTAL UPWELLING OFF NORTH WEST AFRICA. AT POPULATION LEVEL, WE NEED TO KNOW WHETHER OTHER MAJOR AND ABUNDANT DSDNA VIRAL SPECIES POPULATIONS ARE "HIDDEN" AND REMAIN TO BE DISCOVERED. FOR THAT, WE WILL USE A MASSIVE, UNPRECEDENTED SVGS SEQUENCING PROJECT COMBINED WITH METAGENOMICS BASED ON SHORT- AND LONG-READ SEQUENCING, SUCH AS NANOPORE. THE SECOND AND THIRD PARADIGMS ARE INTER-CONNECTED AND AIM TO GET SOME BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE GLARING GAP ON THE ACTUAL IMPACT OF SPECIFIC VIRAL SPECIES POPULATIONS ON THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES. MOST AVAILABLE DATA ARE ONLY ROUGH ESTIMATES SINCE WE ARE LIMITED BY OUR ABILITY TO LINK CARBON TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS WITH ACTUAL IDENTIFICATION OF THOSE ECOLOGICALLY RELEVANT UNCULTURED VIRUSES. FOR INSTANCE, THEORETICAL ROUGH ESTIMATES SUGGEST THAT 37-F6 VIRAL STRAIN ALONE COULD CONTRIBUTE TO UP TO 30 MILLION TONS OF C, SIMILAR TO THAT OF ALL WHALES TOGETHER, AND THROUGH VIRAL LYSIS, 37-F6 VIRUS CAN BE RESPONSIBLE FOR AN AMOUNT OF C RELEASE IN THE ORDER OF GT PER YEAR. DATA ON ECOGENOMIC STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS, AND MEASUREMENTS ON VIRAL PRODUCTION AND "VIRAL SHUNT" CAN PROVIDE PARAMOUNT CLUES REGARDING THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL IMPACT AT A LOCAL AND A GLOBAL SCALE. FOR THIS, WE WILL COMBINE CUTTING-EDGE OMIC METHODOLOGIES BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF POPULATION-VIRUS GENOMICS, DIGITAL DROPLET PCR AND MICROFLUIDICS WITH A NOVEL APPROACH TO FLUORESCENTLY TRACK AND MEASURE VIRAL PRODUCTION AND "SHUNT" BASED ON INCUBATION WITH BIORTHOGONAL NON-CANONICAL AMINO ACID METHIONINE (BONCAT) AND "CLICK" CHEMISTRY. FURTHERMORE, THIS PROJECT, IN LINE WITH CHALLENGE 5 ON CLIMATE CHANGE, WE WILL ASSESS WORST-CASE SCENARIOS OF CLIMATE CHANGE (Tª AND PH) AND ITS IMPACT ON MAJOR VIRAL SPECIES POPULATIONS (English)
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Alicante/Alacant
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Identifiers
RTI2018-094248-B-I00
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