MECHANISMS FOR MAINTAINING BIODIVERSITY IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS (Q3136215): Difference between revisions
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MECHANISMS FOR MAINTAINING BIODIVERSITY IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS | |||
Revision as of 01:54, 9 October 2021
Project Q3136215 in Spain
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | MECHANISMS FOR MAINTAINING BIODIVERSITY IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS |
Project Q3136215 in Spain |
Statements
84,216.0 Euro
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105,270.0 Euro
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80.0 percent
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1 January 2019
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31 December 2021
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CADIZ
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11028
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UNA DE LAS PROPIEDADES MAS FASCINANTES DE LA NATURALEZA ES LA DIVERSIDAD DE ORGANISMOS QUE ALBERGA. ENTENDER CUALES SON LOS MECANISMOS QUE PERMITEN SU MANTENIMIENTO ES UN OBJETIVO FUNDAMENTAL DE INVESTIGACION EN ECOLOGIA. EN LA ULTIMA DECADA HA HABIDO UN AVANCE TEORICO SOLIDO CON APLICACIONES DIRECTAS AL ESTUDIO DE ENSAMBLAJE DE COMUNIDADES, EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS Y SU ESTABILIDAD FRENTE A LA INTERACCION DE DISTINTOS MOTORES DE CAMBIO GLOBAL. SIN EMBARGO, ESTOS AVANCES TEORICOS, QUE ESTAN BASADOS EN INTERACCION DE PARES DE ESPECIES, NO HAN SIDO CONFRONTADOS CON DATOS EMPIRICOS. LLEVADO TAMBIEN A NUEVAS PREGUNTAS FUNDAMENTALES QUE QUEDAN AUN POR COMPROBAR SU VALIDEZ EMPIRICA. QUEDA POR TANTO EL RETO DE DESCUBRIR MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACION DE TEORIA CON DATOS EMPIRICOS CUANTO APORTAN ESTAS NUEVAS PROPUESTAS A EXPLICAR LAS DINAMICAS POBLACIONALES DE ESPECIES EN AMBIENTES FLUCTUANTES Y SU INTEGRACION EN SISTEMAS MULTITROFICOS COMPLEJOS. EL OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL DE ESTE PROYECTO ES AHONDAR EN LOS MECANISMOS QUE MANTIENEN LA DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES CENTRANDONOS EN TRES LINEAS DE TRABAJO ESTRUCTURADAS A LO LARGO DE UN GRADIENTE DE COMPLEJIDAD._x000D_ _x000D_ 1) COEXISTENCIA ENTRE PARES DE ESPECIES DEBIDO A MECANISMOS DE FLUCTUACION DENSO-DEPENDIENTES. SEGUN LA TEORIA DE COEXISTENCIA DE ESPECIES, HAY TRES MECANISMOS DE COMPETENCIA POR LO CUALES PARES DE ESPECIES PUEDEN COEXISTIR EN AMBIENTES FLUCTUANTES. ESTOS SON A) EL EFECTO DE ALMACENAMIENTO, B) CAMBIOS RELATIVOS EN INTERACCIONES NO LINEALES, Y C) MECANISMOS ESTABILIZADORES Y DE ECUALIZACION. AUNQUE SE HA ESTUDIADO LA CONTRIBUCION DE CADA UNO DE ESTOS TRES MECANISMOS AL MANTENIMIENTO DE DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES, NUNCA SE HAN EVALUADO DE MANERA CONJUNTA BAJO CONDICIONES NATURALES._x000D_ _x000D_ 2) MAS ALLA DE INTERACCION ENTRE PARES: REDES DE COMPETENCIA E INTERACCIONES DE ALTO ORDEN. EN AMBIENTES DIVERSOS, LOS INDIVIDUOS COMPITEN SIMULTANEAMENTE CON INDIVIDUOS DE MUCHAS OTRAS ESPECIES. ESTE HECHO CREAN NUEVAS OPORTUNIDADES DE COEXISTENCIA DEBIDO A INTERACCIONES INDIRECTAS COMO ES EL CASO DE DINAMICAS INTRANSITIVAS. ADEMAS LA PRESENCIA DE INDIVIDUOS DE OTRAS ESPECIES PUEDE PRODUCIR INTERACCIONES DE ALTO ORDEN QUE MODIFICAN LA FUERZA DE COMPETENCIA DIRECTA ENTRE PARES DE ESPECIES. LA INTEGRACION DE INTERACCIONES DE ALTO ORDEN DENTRO DE REDES DE COMPETENCIA NO SE HA REALIZADO ANTERIORMENTE. ESTE PASO ES FUNDAMENTAL PARA EVALUAR SU RELEVANCIA MAS ALLA DE LOS MECANISMOS DE INTERACCION POR PARES._x000D_ _x000D_ 3) REDES MULTITROFICAS Y COEXISTENCIA SIMULTANEA DE VARIOS NIVELES TROFICOS. AL IGUAL QUE LOS INDIVIDUOS COMPITEN SIMULTANEAMENTE CON MUCHAS OTRAS ESPECIES, ESTOS EXPERIMENTAN MULTIPLES INTERACCIONES MUTUALISTAS Y ANTAGONISTAS QUE AUMENTAN LA COMPETENCIA APARENTE ENTRE ESPECIES O POR EL CONTRARIO PROMUEVEN EFECTOS FACILITADORES. LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE INTERACCIONES MULTITROFICAS PARA LA COEXISTENCIA CONJUNTA DE ESPECIES CONTENIDOS EN DIFERENTES NIVELES TROFICOS (E.G. PLANTAS-POLINIZADORES- HERBIVOROS) NO SE HA EXPLORADO HASTA LA FECHA. _x000D_ _x000D_ PROPONEMOS ABORDAR ESTOS OBJETIVOS EN ECOSISTEMAS NATURALES DE PRADERAS DE ANUALES QUE CONTIENEN UNA GRAN DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES DE PLANTAS, INSECTOS Y GASTEROPODOS UTILIZANDO UN ENFOQUE MULTIDISCIPLINAR RESULTANTE DE LA COMBINACION DE TEORIA ECOLOGICA, EXPERIMENTOS DE CAMPO, MODELIZACION MATEMATICA, Y HERRAMIENTAS INFORMATICAS DE SEGUIMIENTO ANIMAL. EN CONJUNTO, LOS RESULTADOS CONTRIBUIRAN A PROPONER UNA SINTESIS TEORICA CON VALIDEZ EMPIRICA QUE SIRVA PARA ENTENDER LA DIVERSIDAD DE ESP (Spanish)
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ONE OF THE MOST FASCINATING PROPERTIES OF NATURE IS THE DIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS IT HARBORS. A FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH OBJECTIVE IN ECOLOGY IS UNDERSTANDING WHICH ARE THE MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW ITS MAINTENANCE. IN THE LAST DECADE, THE FIELD HAS OBTAINED SOLID THEORETICAL ADVANCES WITH DIRECT APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF ASSEMBLY OF COMMUNITIES, THE FUNCTIONING OF ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR STABILITY IN THE FACE OF THE INTERACTION OF DIFFERENT ENGINES OF GLOBAL CHANGE. HOWEVER, THESE THEORETICAL ADVANCES, WHICH ARE BASED ON SPECIES PAIRWISE INTERACTIONS, HAVE NOT BEEN CONFRONTED WITH EMPIRICAL DATA. THE CHALLENGE REMAINING TO BE DISCOVERED IS JOINING THEORY AND EMPIRICAL DATA TO EXPLORE HOW MUCH THESE NEW THEORETICAL ADVANCES CONTRIBUTE TO EXPLAIN THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SPECIES IN FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS AND HOW THEY CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO THE STUDY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS. OVERALL, THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DELVE INTO THE MECHANISMS THAT MAINTAIN SPECIES DIVERSITY BY FOCUSING ON THREE LINES OF RESEARCH STRUCTURED ALONG A COMPLEXITY GRADIENT._x000D_ _x000D_ 1) COEXISTENCE OF SPECIES PAIRS DUE TO FLUCTUATION DEPENDENT MECHANISMS. ACCORDING TO COEXISTENCE THEORY, THERE ARE THREE MECHANISMS BY WHICH PAIRS OF COMPETING SPECIES CAN COEXIST IN FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS. THESE ARE A) THE STORAGE EFFECT, B) THE RELATIVE NON-LINEARITY AND C) STABILIZING AND EQUALIZING MECHANISMS. ALTHOUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH OF THESE THREE MECHANISMS TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SPECIES DIVERSITY HAS BEEN STUDIED, THEIR JOINT IMPORTANCE UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS HAS NEVER BEEN EVALUATED._x000D_ _x000D_ 2) BEYOND PAIRWISE MECHANISMS: COMPETITION NETWORKS AND HIGH ORDER INTERACTIONS. IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS, INDIVIDUALS COMPETE SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH INDIVIDUALS OF MANY OTHER SPECIES. THIS SITUATION CREATES NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIES COEXISTENCE DUE TO INDIRECT INTERACTIONS SUCH AS INTRANSITIVE DYNAMICS. IN ADDITION, THE PRESENCE OF INDIVIDUALS OF OTHER SPECIES CAN PROMOTE HIGH ORDER INTERACTIONS THAT MODIFY THE DIRECT COMPETITIVE STRENGTH BETWEEN PAIRS OF SPECIES. THE INTEGRATION OF HIGH ORDER INTERACTIONS WITHIN COMPETITION NETWORKS HAS NOT BEEN DONE PREVIOUSLY. ACHIEVING THIS TASK IS FUNDAMENTAL TO EVALUATE ITS RELEVANCE IN NATURE BEYOND THE MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION BY PAIRS PROPOSED PREVIOUSLY._x000D_ _x000D_ 3) MULTITROPHIC NETWORKS AND SIMULTANEOUS COEXISTENCE OF SEVERAL TROPHIC LEVELS. JUST AS INDIVIDUALS COMPETE SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH MANY OTHER SPECIES, THEY EXPERIENCE MULTIPLE MUTUALISTIC AND ANTAGONISTIC INTERACTIONS THAT INCREASE APPARENT COMPETITION BETWEEN SPECIES OR ON THE CONTRARY PROMOTE FACILITATING EFFECTS. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS RANGE OF MULTITROPHIC INTERACTIONS FOR THE JOINT COEXISTENCE OF SPECIES CONTAINED AT DIFFERENT TROPHIC LEVELS (E.G. PLANTS-POLLINATORS-HERBIVORES) HAS NOT BEEN EXPLORED TO DATE, AND THEREFORE EFFORTS ARE NEEDED IN THIS DIRECTION TO OBTAIN A MORE HOLISTIC VIEW OF HOW COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARE MAINTAINED._x000D_ _x000D_ WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS THESE OBJECTIVES IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF ANNUAL GRASSLANDS THAT CONTAIN A GREAT DIVERSITY OF PLANTS, INSECTS AND GASTROPODS SPECIES USING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH RESULTING FROM THE COMBINATION OF ECOLOGICAL THEORY, FIELD EXPERIMENTS, MATHEMATICAL MODELING, AND ANIMAL TRACKING COMPUTER TOOLS. AS A WHOLE, THE RESULTS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO PROPOSE A THEORETICAL SYNTHESIS WITH EMPIRICAL VALIDITY TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY OF SPECIES AT DIFFERENT SCALES IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS. (English)
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Puerto Real
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Identifiers
RTI2018-098888-A-I00
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